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Values Based Investing

Disclosures

Who Decides What is Material With ESG Disclosures?

Regardless of legislative points of view, standard disclosures across sustainability and ESG topics, regardless of materiality in a specific company’s instance, is necessary to provide a foundation for evaluation across firms and time.  Allowing companies to provide contextual guidance about how such disclosures fit into risk management activities or long-term strategy also provides useful information upon which investors and other market participants can base decisions.

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Proxy Voting

Principal-Agent Conflict of Interest

Since the 2008 financial crisis, the principal-agent conflict, as defined in the agency theory, has further increased due to the rise of passive management. To manage these increasing conflicts, individual index fund investors need to be empowered and enabled to influence the proxy voting process.

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